Optimization of Antimony Removal by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Process Using Response Surface Methodology

Coprecipitation-adsorption plays a significant role during coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) of antimony (Sb) in water. This work uses Box–Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects major operating variables such as initial Sb(III, V) concentration (100–1000 µg/L), ferric chloride (FC) dose (5–50 mg/L), pH (4–10) on redox Sb species. Experimental data removal were used determine function coefficients. The model value (Sb removal) showed good agreement with experimental results. FC promising coagulation behavior both species under optimum (6.5–7.5) due its high affinity towards low residual Fe concentration. However, 50 mg/L is required for maximum (88–93%) Sb(V), but also highest (92–98%) concentrations Sb(III). Furthermore, BBD RSM found be reliable feasible determining conditions from environmental water samples by C/F/S process. may contribute better understanding prediction aqueous environments, reduce potential risks humans.